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Shan-Huah Wu1,2, Pei-Fen Lee1, and Marcel Rejmánek2 1Institute of ecology and evolutionary biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan 2Section of Evolution and ecology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616
AbstractTo approach plant invasions in the fields in a region where relevant preliminary information is not available, we employed herbarium records to develop an indicator of invasiveness. Field investigations, furthermore, were conducted to testify the index and GIS analysis was performed to evaluate environmental factors for prediction. Herbarium records have been widely used in ecological studies on plant invasions for decades without rigorous evaluations. To test the adequacy of using herbarium records, we used residuals, calculated from the regression of the number of herbarium records on minimum residence time of Crotalaria species naturalized in Taiwan, as a predictor of species actual frequency and invasiveness. Naturalized Crotalaria species exhibited different rates of spread within similar time frames, and such differences were quantified as residuals. Number of field localities, net infested area, maximum cover, as well as reproductive traits, were investigated for five exotic Crotalaria species with a similar minimum residence time. The tight correlation between residuals and the number of field localities, as well as with maximum cover, confirms that herbarium records accurately reflect some aspects of the invasion success of the studied species. However, residuals were not a significant predictor of net infested area. Strong correlations between residuals and reproductive traits contributing to species fitness, including log(seeds/plant), flowers/inflorescence, inflorescences/plant, and flowers/plant supported the use of residuals as indicators of field distributions and invasiveness. Distributions and frequencies of four naturalized Crotalaria species, were analyzed to test our hypothesis that environmental factors would contribute to the intensity of invasions in the field. Approximately three dozens of environmental factors, such as precipitations, temperature, urbanization, human populations, etc., were incorporated into the data mining analyses to sort out critical limitation factors of these species. Our results show that these naturalized Crotalaria species have different distribution patterns: Island-wide distributed species C. zanzibarica possessed most field localities in the north, while C. pallida tended to naturalize and expand in the south. Locally naturalized species, such as C. micans and C. incana ,were distributed only in certain areas in the middle and the very south end of Taiwan. The data mining analyses showed that environmental factors, such as precipitations, standard deviations of precipitations, precipitation deficiency, temperature, standard deviations of temperature, urbanization degree, human population size, and elevation, were positively correlated to the distributions of the these naturalized species. This also supports our hypothesis that environmental factors may contribute to the field invasions. Furthermore, the high accuracy of distribution predictions confirmed that geographical information system (GIS) may be used to predict the invasions of potential invaders. ¡@ ¡@ »È¦XÅwÃľ¯ª`®g¨¾°£®ÄªG¤ÎªL¬Û´_¤覡
¤ý¬ÛµØ¡B¬x¸t®p ªL·~¸ÕÅç©Ò«í¬K¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß E-mail:hhwang@tfri.gov.tw
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§Q¥Î»»´ú¼v¹³±À¦ô¥Ð¶¡¤ô½_²£¶qªºªÅ¶¡¤À§G¡A¤£¶È¬O¹ê¬Iºë·Ç¹A·~ªº«n°ò¦¡A¤]¥i¨Ñ³¬F¥DºÞ³æ¦ì¶i¦æ³¹¨Ñ»Ýªº½Õ°t¡C¥»¬ã¨s¤§¥Dn¥Øªº¬°¤ÀªR¦a±´ú±o¤§´Ó³Q¤Ï®g¥úÃСA¨Ã«Ø¥ß¯S¼x¥úÃлP¤ô½_²£¶q¶¡ªº©w¶qÃö«Y¡C¬ã¨s¤¤¡A±N²{¦a¶q´ú¤§´Ó³Q¤Ï®g¥úÃСA¼ÒÀÀ¦¨§Ú°ê¦Û¥D¤§¤¤µØ½Ã¬PºÖº¸¼¯¨F¤G¸¹¤§ÂÅ¥ú¬q(BLUE¡A0.45~0.52£gm)¡Bºñ¥ú¬q(GRN, 0.52~0.60£gm)¡B¬õ¥ú¬q(RED, 0.63~0,69£gm)¡B©Mªñ¬õ¥~¥ú¬q(NIR, 0.76~0.90£gm)µ¥ªi¬q¥úÃÐÈ«á¡A«Ø¥ß±À¦ô¥Ð¶¡¤ô½_²£¶qªÅ¶¡¤À¥¬¤§ºÖ½Ã¤G¸¹»»´ú¼Ò¦¡¡C¥»¬ã¨s¥H¥xÆW¦a°Ï¥Ø«e®â°ö±¿n³Ì¼s¤§¥x¹A67¸¹¤ô½_¬°¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¡A©ó¹A¸Õ©Ò¹Å¸q¤À©Ò¤§·Ë¤f¹A³õ¤º«Ø¥ß¤ô½_¼Ë°Ï¡A¦b1999-2003¤¦~¶¡ÂǥѤ£µ¥¶q´áªÎ¬I¥Î²£¥Í¤ô½_²£¶q¶¡¤§Åܲ§¡C¸ÕÅç´Á¶¡©w´Á´ú©w¥Ð¶¡¤ô½_´Ó«a¤Ï®g¥úÃСA¥H¤ÀªR¤ô½_¥þ¥Í¨|´Á¤¤¤Ï®g¥úÃÐÅܰʯS©Ê¡A¨Ã©ó¤ô½_¦¬Ã¬®É½Õ¬d¤ô½_¤§²£¶q¡A´M¨D¤ô½_¤Ï®g¥úÃЯS©Ê»P²£¶q¶¡ªºÃöÁp©Ê¡A¥H«Ø¥ß§Q¥Î»»´ú¼v¹³¦ô´ú¤ô½_²£¶q©Ò»Ý¤§¼Ò¦¡¡Cªì¨B¬ã¨sµ²ªG«ü¥X¡A¦b©âÁJ´Á¶¡¤ô½_´Ó³Q¤Ï®g¥úÃЪº°ÊºAÅܰʳ̤p¡A¦]¦¹¾A¦X¥Î©ó¶i¦æ¥Ð¶¡¤ô½_²£¶qªÅ¶¡¤À¥¬¤§±À¦ô¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥H1999-2003¤¦~¶¡¶q´ú¤§¤ô½_´Ó«a¤Ï®g¥úÃСA©Ò«Ø¥ß¤§ºÖ½Ã¤G¸¹¤ô½_²£¶q±À¦ô¼Ò¦¡¡A¥i¾A¥Î©ó±À¦ô¤£¦P¦~´Á¤§¤ô½_²£¶q¡CÀHµÛ¤ÓªÅ¬ì§Þ¤£Â_ªº±À³¯¥X·s¡A¥»¬ã¨s¤£¦ý¥i±N»»´ú§Þ³NÀ³¥Î©ó¹ê»Ú²£·~¤¤¡A§ó¥i¬°§Ú°ê¦Û¥D½Ã¬P¶}µo¹ê»ÚÀ³¥Î¤§¹D¡C ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ Monitoring Forage Production of Nilegrass Using Spectral Remote Sensing
·¨¯Â©ú*¡B§õ¸Î®S¡B¬x°ê·½¡B³\ºÖ¬P ¦æ¬F°|¹A·~©eû·|¹A·~¸ÕÅç©Ò¹AÃÀ²Õ¡B¦æ¬F°|¹A·~©eû·|¯b²£¸ÕÅç©Ò¹}®Æ§@ª«²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡Gyjlee@Wufeng.tari.gov.tw 04-23302301-144
Nilegrass (Acroceras macrum Stapf) is a C3 perennial and has been commonly used as a forage grass in many areas including Taiwan. Field experiments were conducted at Taiwan Livestock Research Institute Experimental Farm to measure seasonal changes in fresh weight of aboveground plant parts and ground-based remotely sensed reflectance spectra (350-2400 nm) of nilegrass vegetation during the growing seasons from June 2002 to October 2004, and then used the data to establish spectral models for assessing and monitoring forage production along vegetation development. By the linear correlation intensity analysis, results showed varied correlation coefficients between spectral reflectance and forage production in the measured spectral domain. Positive values of correlation coefficient were found from near-infrared (740-1300 nm) region to the front portion (1300-1400 nm) of short-wave infrared region (1300-1800 nm), while reflectance from the rest wavebands showed negative correlation. The maximum absolute value of correlation coefficient located at 439 nm, where reflectance-forage production relationship was better fitted to a quadratic function (R2=0.503, P<0.001). Of the examined spectral indices, forage production most correlated with RGREEN/RNIR ratio (R2=0.654, P<0.001), where RGREEN is reflectance at green light (490-560 nm) maximum and RNIR is reflectance at near-infrared peak. Modeling of spectral characteristics and forage production was further improved by using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model. The best five-variable linear regression equation exhibited a greater sensitivity (R2=0.726, P<0.001, Cp=6.000) to assess forage production. When validating the MLR model with other sets of data from different growing seasons, model gave reasonable prediction values with the slope of 1.086 and root mean square error of 3.891 (N=21). Results suggest that forage production of nilegrass along the phonological development may be assessed and monitored by models established from vegetation high-resolution reflectance data. ¡@ ¡@
§õ¸Î®S*¡B·¨¯Â©ú ¦æ¬F°|¹A·~©eû·|¹A·~¸ÕÅç©Ò¹AÃÀ²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡Gyjlee@Wufeng.tari.gov.tw 04-23302301-144
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, with varied common names in different places, is a member of Lamiaceae and a native dicotyledon plant in Asia. It is widely distributed in many regions of the world as a common annual weed and is generally ignored by grazing livestock because of the toxic compound perilla ketone. However, it is also considered a commercial crop used as a condiment for foods. The objectives of this study were to compare differences in growth behavior of this plant when transplanted in different months and in concentration of perillaldehyde in primary leaves of different positions along the main stem. The 5-leaf pair stage seedlings were transplanted from the nursery to the field on March 15, May 3, and July 30 of 2004 at spacings of 0.5 ´ 0.5 m. Results indicated that the later the transplanting the shorter the plant height and the smaller the leaf area and plant weights. Plants of later transplanting had shorter days to flowering, but all plants had the similar flowering dates in early October, with a difference in a day or two. Area and weight of primary leaves increased with the increasing of leaf position from the ground surface until leaf position 10, and then decreased thereafter. With the same leaf position, there was a trend that primary leaves of later transplanting plants were smaller in area and lighter in weight than those of early transplanting ones. In the fully expanded primary leaves, concentration of perillaldehyde increased with the increasing of leaf position, and was higher in leaves of the early transplanted plants than those leaves of the later transplanted plants after leaf position 10. Results suggest that planting time has a strong influence on plant growth and leaves in the upper positions may have a greater concentration of perillaldehyde. ¡@ ¤Gºû¹qªa¦b´Óª«¸¤ù³J¥Õ½è¤ÀªR¤§À³¥Î
®}·OÂE¡B§õ¶MµØ¡BĬºû¤¯* ¹A©e·|¹A·~ÃĪ«¬rª«¸ÕÅç©Ò¤½®`¨¾ªv²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡G yhl@tactri.gov.tw 04-2330-2101Âà608
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¼B«Â§Ê¡B¦¶¼w¥Á ¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç¹AÃÀ¨t Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡G weiting.liu@msa.hinet.net 04-2284-0777Âà507
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¹ù°ê媖¡B²ø¯úµ¾¡B³¢ªø¥Í*¡B¤ý¿³Úô¡BªLõ¦t °ê¥ß¦¨¥\¤j¾Ç¥Í©R¬ì¾Ç¨tkuohpopo@gmail.com ¤é¥»µéµ·¤l¡]Cuscuta japonica¡^¬°½¯©Ê¥þ±H¥Í©Ê´Óª«¡AºØ¤U¤ÀÃþ¸s¥]¬A¨âÅܺءG¤é¥»µéµ·¤l¡]C. japonica var. japonica¡^¤Î¥xÆWµéµ·¤l¡]C.japonica var. formosana¡^¡C³æ®è¥i¦P®É±H¥Í¦b¦h®è±H¥D´Óª«¤W¡A¤@¦ýÂX´²¤J«I¨ì·sªº¥Í¨|¦a¡A·¥¥i¯à¹ï¹A·~¥Í²£¡BªÀ·|Àô¹Ò¤Î¥ÍºA³y¦¨¼vÅT¡C¦b°ê¥~¦h¦³³ø¾É¸ÓÄÝ´Óª«¹ï§@ª«³y¦¨¦M®`¡C¦]¦¹¥»¬ã¨s´N¤é¥»µéµ·¤l¦b¥xÆWªº¤À¥¬±¡§Î¡B±H¥Íª¬ªp¡B¶Ç¼½¾÷¨î¡BÂX´²¼Ò¦¡µ¥¶i¦æºÊ´ú¡Cªì¨Bµ²ªG¦p¤U¡G¦Û94¦~3¤ë¨ì6¤ë´Á¶¡¶i¦æ¤é¥»µéµ·¤l¥Ð³¥½Õ¬d¡A¤w«Ø¥ß23Ó½Õ¬dÂI°ò¥»¸ê®Æ¡C½Õ¬dÂI¤À¥¬©ó¥x¤¤¥«1³B¡B¥x¤¤¿¤4³B¡B«n§ë¿¤12³B¡B°ª¶¯¿¤1³B¤Î«ÌªF¿¤5³B¡AÂл\±¿n¬ù28.7905¤½³¼¡A¤À¥¬®ü©Þ°ª¬ù56~1655 m¡C¨ä¤¤¥H«n§ë¿¤¤¯·R¶m¤O¦æ²£·~¹D¸ôªº¤é¥»µéµ·¤l±Ú¸s¤À¥¬½d³ò³Ì¼s¡Aªu¹D¸ô¨â®Ç§e½uª¬15.2¤½¨½±K¶°¤À¥¬¡A¦ôpÂл\±¿n¬ù7.9500¤½³¼¡A¤À¥¬®ü©Þ°ª¬ù1470~1655 m¡C ¡@ ¡@ ¡@
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¦æ¬F°|¹A·~©eû·|¹A·~ÃĪ«¬rª«¸ÕÅç©Ò ¤½®`¨¾ªv²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡Gych@tactri.gov.tw 04-23302101-604 ¥Ø«e¦b¥xÆW±`¨£¤TºØµéµ·¤lºØÃþ¬°¤é¥»µéµ·¤lCuscuta japonica Choisy var. japonica¡B¥xÆWµéµ·¤lCuscuta japonica Choisy var. formosana (Hay.)¤Î¥ìµéµ·¤lCuscuta campestris Yunck.¡C¥»¹êÅç«Ç¦¬¶°¨ì¥~Æ[§ÎºA¤£¦P¥|ºØµéµ·¤l(1)²ô¸û²Ê§§¡Aµµ¦â¥B±a¦³µµ¬õ¦â½Fª¬¯ZÂI¡A17Ӽ˥»¡C(2)²ô¸û²Ê§§¡A¶À¦â¥B±a¦³µµ¬õ¦â½Fª¬¯ZÂI¡A10¼Ë¥»¡C(3)²ô¸û²Ê§§¡A¶À¦â¤£±a¦³µµ¬õ¦â½Fª¬¯ZÂI¡A15¼Ë¥»¡C(4)²ô¸û²Óµ·ª¬¡A²H¶À¦â¡A41¼Ë¥»¡Cº¥ý§Q¥ÎITS(internal transcribed spacers)¤À¤l¼Ð»x¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¡A¨äµ²ªGµo²{¥Ñ©óITS§Ç¦C¶¡¤ñ¹ï®t²§ÅܤƤj¡AµLªk°Ï§Oµéµ·¤l¦b¥~Æ[¤Wªº®t§O¤Î¿Ë·½Ãö«Y¡C¬G¦A§Q¥ÎISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat )¤À¤l¼Ð»x¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¤§±´°Q¡C¥»¬ã¨s¥Î45ÓISSR³{¾÷¤Þ¤l¶i¦æPCR¤ÏÀ³¡Aª½±µ°»´úDNA¤ù¬qªº®t²§¡Cµ²ªG¸gPCR¤ÏÀ³¤¤¥i¥Ñ45ÓISSR«½Æ©Êµu§Ç¦C¤Þ¤l¡A§ä¨ì¤@Ө㦳±M¤@©Ê¥B±Ó·P©Ê¤Þ¤l¡C¥i¸g¥Ñ¦¹¤Þ¤l¦bPCR¤ÏÀ³©Ò¼W´TªºDNA¤ù¬q®t²§¡A¯à¨Ì¥~Æ[§ÎºA®t²§©ú½TÂkÃþ¥X¤TºØ¤£¦P¨ã¦³¯S²§©Êªº¼Ð»xDNA¤ù¬q¡C¼W´TDNA¤ù¬q¤j¤p¨Ì§Ç¬°¡G²ô¸û²Ê§§¡Aµµ¦â¤Î¶À¦â¥B±a¦³µµ¬õ¦â½Fª¬¯ZÂI--647¤Î431 bp¡A²ô¸û²Ê§§¡A¶À¦â¤£±a¦³µµ¬õ¦â½Fª¬¯ZÂI--647 bp¡A²ô¸û²Óµ·ª¬¡A²H¶À¦â--800¡B900¤Î1100 bp¡C
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Perilla
frutescens (L.) Britton, with varied common names in different places,
is a member of Lamiaceae and a native dicotyledon plant in Asia. It is
widely distributed in many regions of the world as a common annual weed and
is generally ignored by grazing livestock because of the toxic compound
perilla ketone. However, it is also considered a commercial crop used as a
condiment for foods. The objectives of this study were to compare
differences in growth behavior of this plant when transplanted in different
months and in concentration of perillaldehyde in primary leaves of different
positions along the main stem. The 5-leaf pair stage seedlings were
transplanted from the nursery to the field on March 15, May 3, and July 30
of 2004 at spacings of 0.5 ´ 0.5 m. Results indicated that the later the
transplanting the shorter the plant height and the smaller the leaf area and
plant weights. Plants of later transplanting had shorter days to flowering,
but all plants had the similar flowering dates in early October, with a
difference in a day or two. Area and weight of primary leaves increased with
the increasing of leaf position from the ground surface until leaf position
10, and then decreased thereafter. With the same leaf position, there was a
trend that primary leaves of later transplanting plants were smaller in area
and lighter in weight than those of early transplanting ones. In the fully
expanded primary leaves, concentration of perillaldehyde increased with the
increasing of leaf position, and was higher in leaves of the early
transplanted plants than those leaves of the later transplanted plants after
leaf position 10. Results suggest that planting time has a strong influence
on plant growth and leaves in the upper positions may have a greater
concentration of perillaldehyde. ¡@ ¡@ ¡@
¹ù·q¥Á¡B½±¥Ã¥¿*¡B¤ý¶¶¦¨ ¹A·~ÃĪ«¬rª«¸ÕÅç©Ò¤½®`¨¾ªv²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡Gcyj@tactri.gov.tw (04)23302101Âà605 ¨Ì·À¯ó¥Dn§@¥Î¾÷¨î¬°§í¨î´Óª«²ÓM¤ºÓi°ò»Ä¤§¦X¦¨¡A¬°»OÆW¹A¥Ð´¶¹M¨Ï¥Î¤§«D¿ï¾Ü©ÊµÞ«e¼Q¬I«¬°£¯ó¾¯¡C¦b¤gÄ[¤¤¤§´Ý¯d´Áªø¹F¥b¦~¥H¤W¡A©ó¤gÄ[pH>5®É©ö³Q´Óª«§l¦¬¡A©ö¤Þ°_«D¥Ø¼Ð§@ª«µo¥ÍÃÄ®`¡C¥»¬ã¨s¥Øªº¬°«Ø¥ß¨Ì·À¯ó¤gÄ[´Ý®Ä¤§¥Íª«ÀË´ú¤èªk¡A¤Î°»´úÃľ¯¬I¥Î«á¤Þ°_´Óª«¬r©Ê¤§´Ý®Ä´Á¡C¨Ì·À¯ó23.1%·»²G¥Hµn°O¶q1.5Lha-1¬I¥Î©ó¤gÄ[«á¡A©ó1, 7, 14, 21¤Î28¤é¤À§O¨ú¼Ë®ûªw¯Â¤ô24¤p®É«á¡A¸g©â®ð¹LÂo¦¬¶°¤§²O¬~²G¡Aµ}ÄÀ«á´ú©w¹ï¥ÌÂÅ¡BJ¥Ê¡B¿»X¡Bºñ¨§¡B¸±U¤Î°ª¸dµ¥F®Ú¤ÎF¶b¦ùªø¤§§í¨î§@¥Î¡Cµ²ªGÅã¥Ü®Úªø¹ï¨Ì·À¯ó¤§¤ÏÀ³¸û¬°±Ó·P¡A¥B§eÅãµÛ¤§¾¯¶q-¤ÏÀ³(Dose-Response)Ãö«Y¡C¤ñ¸û¤£¦P´ú¸Õ§@ª«¤§F®Úªø«×®t²§¡A¥ÌÂŤΰª¸dÂkÃþ¬°³Ì±Ó·P¤§§@ª«¡AJ¥Ê¤Î¿»XÄݤ¤·P©Ê¡Aºñ¨§¤Î¸±U«h¬°@©Ê§@ª«¡C¬IÃÄ«á28¤Ñ«á¤§¤gÄ[²O¬~²Gµ}ÄÀ1000¿¡A¹ï·P©Ê§@ª«F®Ú¦ùªø¤§¼vÅT¡A»P¹ï·Ó²ÕµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¤¤·P¤§J¥Ê¤Î¿»X¤À§O¥H¬IÃÄ7¤Ñ«á¡A¥H1000¿µ}ÄÀ²G³B²z¡AF®Ú§Y¥i¥¿±`¥Íªø¡C¬IÃÄ«á¤@¤Ñ¤§100¿µ}ÄÀ²G¡A¹ïºñ¨§¤Î¸±Uµ¥@©Ê§@ª«¤§F®Ú¦ùªøµL©úÅã§í¨î§@¥Î¡Cºî¦X¬ã¨sµ²ªG¡A´ú¸Õ§@ª«¤§F®Ú¥Íªø¹ï¨Ì·À¯ó½T¦³@¡B¤¤¡B·P¤£¦Pµ¥¯Å¤§¤ÏÀ³¡A¥iÀ³¥Î¬°¤gÄ[´Ý®Ä©Ò¤Þ°_¤§ÃÄ®`ÀË´ú¤§«ü¼Ð§@ª«¡A¨Ã¥i§@¬°¥Ð¤¤¬IÃÄ«á¡A¿ï¾Ü¾A·í½ü§@§@ª«ºØÃþ¤§°Ñ¦Ò¡C
¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¬ü¬w°²½´¹ï¹ÅÁC¶ë§ÜÃĩʾ÷¨î¤§±´°Q
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½±¥Ã¥¿*¡B½±¼}Ú| ¹A·~ÃĪ«¬rª«¸ÕÅç©Ò¤½®`¨¾ªv²Õ Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡Gcyj@tactri.gov.tw (04)23302101Âà605 ®iµÛ¾¯¨ã¦³§ïÅܲÓM½¤¨t³q³z©Ê¡A¤Î³y¦¨³J¥Õ½èÅܩʤ§¯S½è¡A§C¿@«×®É¼vÅT¥Íª«½¤¤Wª«½èªº¤À°t»P¶Ç¾É¡A°ª¿@«×¤U«h¥i¯à·»¸Ñ¸ªí±Ã¾½è©Î½¤¯×½è¡A¹ï´Óª«³y¦¨¬r®`¡C¤@¯ë¼Q¬I¹AÃIJK¥[®iµÛ¾¯¤§¥Øªº¬°«P¶iÃľ¯¦b¸ªí¤§º¢¯d©Mº¯³z§@¥Î¡C¥»¬ã¨s§Q¥Î¸¤ùº¯º|²G¤§¹q¾ÉÈÅܤơA¤Î´Ó®è¼Q¬I¤§¥Íªø§í¨î½Õ¬d¡Aµû¦ô®iµÛ¾¯¤Þ°_§@ª«ÃÄ®`¤§¼ç¤O¡A¶i¤@¨B¤ÀªR¬I¥Î¶q¤Î§@ª«ºØÃþ»PÃÄ®`µo¥Í¤§Ãö«Y¡A´£¨Ñ¹A¥Ð±`¥Î®iµÛ¾¯¦w¥þ¨Ï¥Î¤§°Ñ¦Ò¡C¤Q¦rªá¬ì¡Bµâ¬ì¡BòÔ¬ì¡B±Ûªá¬ì¤Î³A¬ìµ¥12ºØ¸µæÃþ¤§¸¶ê¤ù¡A¥H¥X¨Ó³q¡B¥þ³z¤O¡BAgral 90¡B¤O¹D«Â¤Î¥[¦¬¬¡®i¡A¤ºØ´ú¸Õ®iµÛ¾¯¤§¼Ð¥Üµ}ÄÀ¿¼Æ¡A³B²z0, 1, 2, 3¤Î4¤p®É«á¤§®É¶¡§Ç¦C¹q¾É´úÈÅã¥Ü¡Aªãµæ¤Î¸±U¸û¨ã§Ô¨ü©Ê¡A³Ì¤j¹q¾É´úȬ°¹ï·Ó¤§1.5¿¡A¦¸¬°«C¦¿µæ»PªÅ¤ßµæ¡AµÔµæ«h³Ì¬°±Ó·P¡A¹q¾É´úÈ°ª¦Ü5¿¥H¤W¡A¨ä¾l´ú¸Õ§@ª«¤j³¡¤À¹ï¥X¨Ó³q¤Î¥[¦¬¬¡®i¤§º¯º|¤ÏÀ³¸û©úÅã¡A¹q¾É´úȹF¹ï·Ó³B²z3¿¥H¤W¡C¤ñ¸û¸±U¡BªÅ¤ßµæ¡B¥Õ³Aµæ¡B¥ÌÂÅ¡Bªoµæ¤ÎµÔµæµ¥§@ª«¡A¹ï¤£¦P¾¯¶q®iµÛ¾¯¤§¸¤ùº¯º|¤ÏÀ³¡A¥X¨Ó³q¤Î¥[¦¬¬¡®i¹ïªoµæ¤ÎµÔµæ¸¤ù¤§º¯º|¼vÅT¡AÀH¾¯¶q´£°ª¾ÉP¹q¾É´úȤ§¼W¥[³Ì¬°ÅãµÛ¡A¥þ³z¤O¡B¤O¹D«Â¤ÎAgral 90¥ç¹ïªoµæ¤ÎµÔµæ¤§¼vÅT¡A¸û¨ä¾l´ú¸Õ§@ª«©úÅã¡C¥H¼Ð¥Ü¤§µ}ÄÀ¿¼Æ¤Î¨t¦C°ª¿¶q¤§¥X¨Ó³q¡B¥þ³z¤O¤ÎAgral 90¤TºØ®iµÛ¾¯¡A¼Q¬I5-6¸ÄÖ¤§¸±U¡BªÅ¤ßµæ¡B¥Õ³Aµæ¡B¥ÌÂÅ¡Bªoµæ¤ÎµÔµæµ¥§@ª«¡A½Õ¬d´Ó®èÃÄ®`µo¥Í²v¡AÅã¥Ü¥ÌÂÅ¡Bªoµæ¤ÎµÔµæ¦b16¿¥H¤W¤§¼Ð¥Ü¥Î¶q¤U¡A§Y³y¦¨´Ó®è¤£¥i«ì´_¤§¶Ë®`¡C¸±U¡BªÅ¤ßµæ¤Î¥Õ³Aµæ¤§ÂA«§í¨î²v¡A¦b32¿¼Ð¥Ü¥Î¶q¤U¡A¤´§¡§C©ó25%¡A¥ÌÂŤΪoµæ«h¤¶©ó25-50%¶¡¡AµÔµæ¤§ÂA«¤ÏÀ³ÀH³B²z¥Î¶q¤§´£°ª¡A§í¨îµ{«×©úÅã¼W¥[¡C¤TºØ´ú¸Õ®iµÛ¾¯ª½±µ¼Q¬I´Ó®è¡A¤Þ°_¤§ÃÄ®`µo¥Í²v¤ÎÂA«§í¨î²v¡A§¡Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó³q¹ï§@ª«¥Í¨|¤§¼vÅT³Ì¬°©úÅã¡A´ú¸Õ§@ª«¥HµÔµæ¸û¬°±Ó·P¡A¦¸¬°¥ÌÂŤΪoµæ¡A¦ý¤@¯ë¶W¹L¼Ð¥Ü¥Î¶q16¿¥H¤W¡A¸û©ö³y¦¨¸µæÃþ§@ª«¥Í¨|²§±`¡A¤£¥i«ì´_¤§ÃÄ®`²{¶H¡C ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@
´å§Ó¤å¡B¬x²Q¼_¡B¤ý«T²N*¡BªLª÷©M ¨p¥ß¤j¸¤j¾Ç¤À¤l¥Íª«¬ì§Þ¾Ç¨t¡B¥Íª«²£·~¬ì§Þ¾Ç¨t¡B°ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç¥Í©R¬ì¾Ç¨t Ápµ¸¤H e-mail¡G chinho@dragon.nchu.edu.tw 042-2862511 Mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. TN5, a chilling-sensitive cultivar) pretreated twice with 200 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) followed by chilling at 4oC for 60 h with a 3-h interval had a similar electrolyte leakage level to that of seedlings cold-acclimated at 10oC for 48 h. Pretreatment of seedlings with EGTA, a specific calcium chelator, or with BSO, a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, before H2O2 application reversed the H2O2-induced protection against chilling stress. Double H2O2 treatment also showed a higher glutathione level than that of single treated, cold-acclimated, or control seedlings. It is inferred that calcium signaling and glutathione accumulation play important roles in the response elicited by H2O2 pretreatment. Illumination did not play a role in the chilling protection of cold acclimated seedlings. However, the glutathione level was affected. It is inferred that two pathways, light-dependent and light-independent pathways, are involved in the chilling tolerance induced by cold acclimation.
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