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DISSIPATION OF DIURON, LINURON AND ISOURON IN THE SOIL
Jui-Hung Yen, He-Yen Fang and Yei-Shung Wang
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University
The degradation rate of pesticides in soil and their adsorption kinetics are important factors for assessing the groundwater contamination potential. In this study, experiments were performed on: (1) dissipation of herbicides in three soils with different temperature and moisture conditions, (2) dissipation of herbicides in sterilized soil, (3) isothermal sorption through the batch equilibrium technique, (4) mobility in soil columns experiments with sieved soil. Subsequently the possibility of groundwater contamination by these herbicides was also assessed with the behavior assessment model (BAM) and the groundwater pollution potential model (GWP).
Dissipation of three herbicides (diuron, linuron and isouron) in three different soils (shihtou series, shuipientou series and futoulun series¡X) with three different temperatures (10, 25 and 40¢J) and moistures (30, 60 and 90% Field Capacity) was studied. Adsorption isotherms of three herbicides on soils were determined using the batch test. Movement of herbicides in the soil column and dissipation in sterilized soil were also determined. The possibility of groundwater contamination was assessed with the behavior assessment model (BAM) and groundwater pollution potential model (GWP). The DT50 (50% degraded time) ranged from 42 to 76 days for diuron, 28 to 33 days for linuron and 34 to 106 days for isouron in different soils at 40¢J under soil moisture of 90% Field capacity. DT50 values were higher in sterilized soil than in non-sterilized soil. The biodegradation may be an important pathway for dissipation of three herbicides in soil. Model calculations isouron in Futoulun soil showed that this substance may rapidly leach to groundwater at three meter depth. Using two screening models to evaluate the possible leaching of the three herbicides, diuron, linuron and isouron into groundwater in three study soils, the results indicate that neither of the herbicides can contaminate the groundwater under the local conditions. ¦^ºKn ¦^¶º
STUDY ON ADSORPTION, DISSIPATION AND MOVEMENT OF ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES IN SOILS
Yen J. H., S. L. Chang and Y. S. Wang
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University
Dissipation and adsortion of herbicides alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor in three soils were studied. The BAM model and GWP model were used to estimate the relative fate and the potential of contaminating groundwater. The results indicated that the dissipation rate of herbicide was increased with increasing temperature and water moisture. The dissipation rate for three herbicides followed an order of alachlor ¡Ù propachlor > metolachlor. The dissipation rate in soils followed an order of : Ftl loam > St sandy loam > Sa clay loam. In non-sterilized soils the dissipation rate of herbicides was significantly slower than sterilized soils. In adsorption experiment, the equilibrium was reached within 4 hours. And the adsorption of herbicides in soil ¡V water system was increased with increasing temperature. The results indicated that the isotherms adsorption were well agree with the Freundlich equation. The movement rate of herbicides in St sandy loam was the faster than that of in Sa clay loam and Ftl loam. The movement of propachlor in soil was fastest. Thus propachlor may lead to contamination of groundwater much more easily than the other two herbicides under normal condition. ¦^ºKn ¦^¶º