培地茅(Vetiveria zizanioides)簡介

王裕文

國立台灣大學 農藝學系

摘 要

多年生巨大叢生的禾本科植物培地茅，經由聯合國所屬世界銀行自1980年代起，為減緩全球年平均流失1個半台灣面積的農耕土地，全力在熱帶第三世界國家推廣作為農地水土保持的綠色工程材料。培地茅草籬建立快速，同時對於各種環境的適應能力強，其地下部根系生長糾葛連接形成類似連續壁構造，地上部堅挺強硬的莖桿密實交錯形成類似籬笆構造，同時其生長點保持與地表一定距離，當有土石掩埋會配合自動抬昇，相對於傳統工程使用的材料如混凝土具有永續性的效果。台灣地區921強震後引起大眾注意坡地水土保持的課題，培地茅適合在此類破壞地區，利用其優越的生長適應性與快速生長的特性，作為第一線的先驅植物物種，改善基本的植物生育環境，提高人工造林成功率或加速自然演替以建立地表植被覆蓋，達成水土資源保育的功能。

關鍵詞：培地茅、利用。

Introduction of Vetiver Grass

Yue-Wen Wang

Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University

Abstract

The fast growing, giant clump grass, vetiver grass has been promoted for the application in the tropical third world for erosion control to slow down the annual loss of arable land in the magnitude of one and half the size of Taiwan island by the United Nation through the funding of World Bank. The versatile adaptability of vetiver grass when grow in closer space will form strong hedge in the above ground through the erect and dense shoots, while in the under ground the root will grow entangled to form underground network to anchor the soil and thus stabilize the slope. The crown of vetiver will keep a certain distance below the soil surface when the sedimentation occur around the plant will make the crown upward growing thus make the hedge grow to match the raise of soil level. The devastating earthquake 921 has drawn public awareness of the issue of erosion control in the slope of mountain. The application of vetiver in these areas will serve as the pioneer specie to improve the microenvironment to facilitate the future foresting or enhance the nature evolution process.

Key words: vetiver grass(Vetiveria zizannioides)、utility.