百慕達草之特性與利用
黃文達 張新軒
台灣大學農藝系
摘 要
百慕達草為一種生長快速、莖葉密集、匍匐性的草種，應用在草坪上共有五個種(species)。普通百慕達草(Cynodon dactylon)及Pilger百慕達草(C. plectostachyum)草質粗硬，覆蓋度低，作為公園及休閒地綠化以及牧草使用，其栽培方法為種子及草莖繁殖。而Bradely百慕達草(C. bradleyi)、Magennis百慕達草(C. magenisii)及非洲百慕達草(C. transvaalensis)等草質細緻，適合高爾夫球場的果嶺及球道，以及庭院使用。許多草坪型百慕達草均由上述三個物種的種間雜交所育成，故此類育成品系皆藉由草莖、草塊的營養繁殖而形成綠茵草坪，而刈割高度及頻度依不同用途而異。百慕達草在扦插後，噴施殺草劑Lasso+Atrazine防除闊葉雜草。在高爾夫球場之果嶺應使用Diclofop及MSMA+Metribuzin均可有效防除頑劣之牛筋草(Eleusine
indica)。
關鍵詞：百慕達草、草坪、雜草防除、刈割高度、刈割頻度。
Department
of Agronomy,
Bermudagrass is a very vigorous,
warm-season grass with the prostate growth habit. There are five types of bermudagrass in turf use. Common bermudagrass
(Cynodon dactylon)
and Pilger bermudagrass (C.
plectostachyum) that have relatively
coarse texture and low shoot density with excessive seed formation are primarily
utilized as a general-purpose turf on roadside, ground and pasture by sprig and
seed establishment. Bradely bermudagrass
(C. incompletus, African bermudagrass
(C. transvalensis) and Magensis bermudagrass (C. dactylon × magenisii )that have the finer leaf
texture and higher shoot density form a dense, uniform turf of high quality,
when grown under proper climate and cultural condition. Those three species
provide a very good play surface for athletic field, tees, fairways and lawns.
A number of the turf-type bermudagrass cultivars were
developed by interspecific hybridization between
those three species. Therefore, most of improved bermudagrass
cultivars are vegetative propagated to assure trueness to type by means of spigs, plug and sods. Mowing frequency and cutting height
are dictated by the purpose for which the turf is maintained. Most of broadleaf
weeds can controlled with the mixture of lasso and atrazine
after bermudagrass establishment. Diclofop
and the mixture of MSMA and metribuzin can effectively
control the noxious goosegrass (Eleusine
indica) in tees, fairway and playfields.
Key words: bermudagrass, turf, weed control, cutting height, and
mowing frequency.